Wage Variance Acceptable And Ethical Inequality - 2370 Words

INTRODUCTION In the wakes of corporate scandals such as Enron and Lehman Brothers, executives’ compensations are being examined more than ever. Shareholders and general public want a guarantee that large executive pay packages are justified. Executive salaries have been a target for debates over the past several decades. At the heart of the discussions were the issues of fairness, equity, and market efficiency. There are some evident discrepancies between the executive compensations in the United States and in other countries. In 1990 the average salary of CEO was 110 times greater than the average worker s income in the United States. In comparison, the pay ratios in Japan and Germany were 17 and 23 times greater, respectively. The†¦show more content†¦The compensation was traditionally a method to align the goals of executives and stakeholders. Although in theory it would encourage desirable conduct, in real life we saw examples when executives took advantage of their governing position and participate in fraudulent activity to gain money at the expense of the shareholders. I will suggest the potential steps that could be made to prevent similar situation from happening and rebuild public between executive, shareholders, and stakeholders. Even though many CEOs have taken pay cuts in the recent years, their compensation packages are still enormous. Studies by BusinessWeek and other publications show that compensation for big company CEOs was more than 400 times the pay for average workers last year, up from a 42-to-1 ratio in 1980. If the minimum wage had gone up at the same rate, it would have been more than $22 an hour in 2006 instead of $5.15. There are many models to explain such a disparity. One of them is a â€Å"tournament model† according to which a substantial pay differential may exist to serve as an incentive for employees to work hard to climb the corporate ladder. Average employees expect that they can become a CEO and will make an extraordinarily large sum of money. Therefore they willingly accept wages lower than their marginal product in the early stages of their careers in exchange for the opportunity to receive a high pay in the future. The economic laws of supply and demand also

The Joy Luck Club Jing Mei - 3159 Words

Log #1 (Page 5-32) Passage: â€Å"And then it occurs to me. They are frightened. In me, they see their own daughters, just as ignorant, just as unmindful of all the truths and hopes they have brought to America.† (Tan 31) Context: Jing-mei’s mother Suyuan started the Joy Luck club in 1949, just after she immigrated to San Francisco from China. Suyuan created the Joy Luck Club as a symbol of hope and strength while the club members were transitioning between their old and new lifestyles. Unfortunately, Suyuan died and in her place her daughter, Jing-mei, was to attend the weekly Joy Luck Club meetings. At her first meeting, Jing-mei felt victimized by the other ladies as they criticized her decisions and lifestyle. Just as Jing-mei was going to leave, the ladies presented her with a $1,200 cheque and insisted she use it to visit her half sisters. Jing-mei learned from the ladies that just before her mother died, she was desperately trying to get in contact with her daughters. However, she was never able to visit them after she abandoned them, so the ladies wanted Jing-mei to go and tell them of her mother. Jing-mei was doubtful and anxious about whether she knew her mother well enough to accurat ely explain her life to her older sisters. The ladies lost it when they heard this, demanding it is impossible since Suyuan was her mother after all. Jing-mei realizes that the ladies are fearful for their next generation since the lack of communication between them can prevent theseShow MoreRelatedThe Joy Luck Club : Jing Mei Woo1059 Words   |  5 PagesIn a way, Jing-mei Woo is the main character of The Joy Luck Club. (related to what holds something together and makes it strong), her stories serve as bridges between the two generations of storytellers, as Jing-mei speaks both for herself and for her dead mother, Suyuan. Jing-mei also bridges America and China. When she travels to China, she discovers the Chinese essence within herself, this way understanding a deep connection to her mother that she had always ignored. She also brings Suyuan sRead MoreJing Mei Woo : The Joy Luck Club-2238 Words   |  9 PagesReading Journal 1 Short Story Summaries- Jing-mei Woo: The Joy Luck Club- This section of the book starts off with Jing-mei discussing the fact that since her mother passed away she will now be taking over her seat in the joy luck club. After this information is shared, there is background information for the club these women are a part of. Expositional elements are shared in this section as well. In order to keep her family safe, Suyuan moved her twin daughters and herself to Kweilin with otherRead More Relationships of Waverly Jong and Jing-mei Woo in The Joy Luck Club699 Words   |  3 PagesThe Relationships of Waverly Jong and Jing-mei Woo in The Joy Luck Club  Ã‚        Ã‚   Amy Tan in her novel The Joy Luck Club presents us with daughters who are striving to place themselves beyond the control of strong mothers and become individuals. Adrienne Rich in her book Of Woman Born calls this splitting from the mother, matraphobia (Rich, 235), and later notes: The mother stands for the victim in ourselves, the unfree woman, the martyr. Our personalities seem dangerously to blur and overlapRead More The Complexity of Mother and Daughter Relationships in Amy Tan’s Joy Luck Club1316 Words   |  6 PagesThe Complexity of Mother and Daughter Relationships in Amy Tan’s Joy Luck Club   Ã‚  Ã‚   Since the beginning of time the mother and daughter relationship has been complex.   The book The Joy Luck Club by Amy Tan is a great example of the mother and daughter relationship.   In the book Amy Tan writes about four women who migrate to America from China.   All of the women were in search of a better life since the lives they had in China were not what they wanted for themselves.   Even though all of the womenRead More Essay on Search for Identity in Amy Tans The Joy Luck Club1103 Words   |  5 PagesSearch for Identity in Joy Luck Club      Ã‚   Each person reaches a point in their life when they begin to search for their own, unique identity. In her novel, Joy Luck Club, Amy Tan follows Jing Mei on her search for her Chinese identity – an identity long neglected.    Four Chinese mothers have migrated to America. Each hope for their daughter’s success and pray that they will not experience the hardships faced in China. One mother, Suyuan, imparts her knowledge on her daughter throughRead MoreSuyuan and Jing-Mei’s Relationship in the Joy Luck Club Essays873 Words   |  4 PagesSuyuan and Jing-Mei’s relationship in The Joy Luck Club In The Joy Luck Club by Amy Tan, Jing-Mei and her mother have a very rocky relationship. Tan develops a relationship between Suyuan and Jing-Mei that is distant in the beginning due to culture differences and miscommunication, but gradually strengthens with time and understanding. Both of them have different backgrounds and have been influenced by two different cultures. Suyuan grew up in China and behaves according to the ChineseRead MoreThe Joy Luck Club by Amy Tan841 Words   |  3 PagesIn the Joy Luck Club by Amy Tan, tells stories of four Chinese mothers and four Chinese-American daughters and their mother-daughter relationship. The four mothers met in a San Francisco church in 1949. Suyuan Woo, founder of the Joy Luck Club, convinced the other mothers An-Mei Hsu, Lindo Jong, and Yingying St. Clair to join the club. The club would meet every week at one of the mother’s house where they eat food, play mahjong, and brag about their daughters. The Chinese-Ameri can daughters tellRead MoreAnalysis Of Amy Tan s The Joy Luck Club Essay1664 Words   |  7 PagesLauren Lee 11 September 2016 English 203H 1st Period 3 paragraphs â€Å"The Joy Luck Club† Journey of the Swan In Amy Tan’s story â€Å"The Joy Luck Club,† Jing-mei recalls the struggles she is burdened by in not understanding the extensive sacrifices her mother made and the guilt she carries of never living to be her mother’s swan. For the majority of her life, June has battled with the tedious thoughts of why her mother never seemed content with her. â€Å"Auntie Lin and my mother were both best friends andRead More Improving Mother/Daughter Relationships in Amy Tan’s Joy Luck Club1216 Words   |  5 PagesImproving Mother/Daughter Relationships in Amy Tan’s Joy Luck Club One day everything is going great, in fact things could not be better and then you say something and your friend turns to you and says â€Å"oh my god, you sounded just like your mother†.   That is when you freak out and think to yourself it is true I am turning into my mother.   This is every daughters worst nightmare come true.   When a young girl is growing up her mother always says and does things that the girl vows she will neverRead MoreAnalysis Of Amy Tan s The Joy Luck Club1637 Words   |  7 Pagesdaughters. In one of Tan’s novels, The Joy Luck Club, she writes to get the point across of how difficult it is for contrasting cultures to communicate with one another, â€Å"...out of an intense concern with the individual artistic choices she was making at every level and at every moment† (Evans 3). The passionate message Tan stresses in the novel demonstrate how crucial communication is to her, specifically between a mother and daughter. In The Joy Luck Club, four women from China move to San Francisco

Play What Is Play Definition of Play. free essay sample

From an early age, play is important to a childs development and learning. It Isnt lust physical. It can involve cognitive, Imaginative, creative, emotional and social aspects. It is the main way most children express their Impulse to explore, experiment and understand. Children of all ages play. (Dobson, 2004, p. 8) This essay will describe the defining features of play, understanding of the roles and functions of play in early years. Play Is not Just fun for children It Is fundamental.Play Is a key to a childs learning and development. Parents are often their childs first lay companions, so understanding play and Its value to children Is helpful. What Is the play and why Is It Important? Playing is a much needed activity in the early childhood. The reason is that play is the building block of a childs intellectual skills. The parents should realize that through play, their child develops social skills, problem solving skills and also interpersonal skills. We will write a custom essay sample on Play What Is Play? Definition of Play. or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Children develop very quickly during the early years.They change rapidly intellectually, physically, emotionally and socially and they need provision that helps them to overcome any disadvantage and which extends their knowledge, skills, understanding and confidence. It is very difficult to define play. The variety and variability of activities that we would define as play mean that there is no universally accepted definition of play. Viscosity (2002) called play as the leading source of development in preschool years. He described play as the source of development and creates the zone of proximal development.Sentimentally (1981 ) called play as a subset of life , an arrangement in which one can practice behavior without dreading its consequences (p. 14). Graver (1977) gave a useful description of lay for teachers when she defined play as an activity which is: 1) positively valued by the player; 2) self-motivated; 3) freely chosen; 4) engaging; and 5) which has certain systematic relations to what is not play (p. 5). Sailboat, the National Quality Framework for Early Childhood Education said that play is central to the well-being, development and learning of the young child. Play is an important medium through which the child Interacts with, explores and makes sense of the world around her/his. These Interactions with, for example, other children, adults, materials, events and Ideas, are eye to the childs well-being, development and learning. Play Is a source of Joy and fulfillment for the child. It provides an Important context and opportunity to enhance and optimism quality early childhood experiences. As such, play will be a primary focus In quality early childhood settings.These characteristics are Important for teachers to remember because Imposing adult values, requirements, or motivations on childrens actively may change the very nature of play. Play What Is Play? Definition of Play. By Annette From an early age, play is important to a childs development and learning. It isnt just physical. It can involve cognitive, imaginative, creative, emotional and social aspects. It is the main way most children express their impulse to explore, functions of play in early years. Play is not Just fun for children it is fundamental. Play is a key to a childs learning and development. Parents are often their childs first play companions, so understanding play and its value to children is helpful. What is the play and why is it important? Universally accepted definition of play. Weights (2002) called play as the leading development and creates the zone of proximal development. Sentimentally (1981) child interacts with, explores and makes sense of the world around her/his.

Was the Milgram Experiment Ethical or Valid free essay sample

In 1961, Stanley Milgram, a psychologist at Yale University, conducted an experiment on a group’s obedience to authority. This experiment has encountered intense scrutiny ever since its findings were first published in 1963; many people question the ethics and validity of the experiment. Multitudes of researchers have taken it upon themselves to determine the answers to the questions (McLeod). Based on new guidelines for ethics, Stanley Milgram’s experiment on the obedience to authority was neither ethical nor valid. Controversy in the ethics of the experiment comes from the deception used and psychological harm experienced by some of the participants. Milgram believed that for the experiment to be authentic, deception was inevitable. He also sent out a questionnaire to his participants afterwards to see the effectiveness of the deception. The majority of the participants, 83. 7 percent, stated they were glad they had participated while 1. 3 percent would rather have not taken the experiment. Some of the participants also displayed physical signs of distress, but Milgram stated the symptoms were short term and the participants were better after they had been debriefed about the experiment (McLeod). We will write a custom essay sample on Was the Milgram Experiment Ethical or Valid? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Opponents of the ethics of Milgram’s experiment believe that the amount of stress caused by the experiment deems it unethical (Controversy: Ethics in Experiments). Many participants experienced trembling, stuttering and nervous laughter; three unfortunate people even suffered from seizures (McLeod). Other participants may have had psychological pain knowing they could have killed a person. Questioning themselves over their morals could also lead to emotional distress (Controversy: Ethics in Experiments). The deception was essential part of the experiment, but the emotional distress endured by the participant was excessive. An experiment where a person could have potentially been harmed for a long period of time should never had been performed. The deception of having a person think they killed someone could have lasting effects on their psyche. Milgram observed one participant as â€Å"twitching, stuttering wreck who was rapidly approaching a point of nervous collapse (qtd. In Was Milgram’s Research Ethical). †Most of the participants were happy with the outcome of the experiment, but the potential for lasting psychological damage leads it to be unethical. Based on three sectors of validity, internal, external and environmental, the experiment only accomplished internal validity. Many people question whether the lab setting of the experiment could be transferred to the natural world. These people argue that a participant’s mindset and morals changes as they enter the experimental. This validity question also leads to the external validity question. If people change their actions because they are a part of an experiment, then Milgram could not have reasonably inferred that people would obey the authority figure no matter the cost (Mook, pages 385-386)? The participants could also have realized they were being tricked and could have just played along with the experiment (Orne and Holland). Because internal validity is maintained, some believe Milgram’s experiment is valid. The ability of the test to be replicated accomplishes some internal validity. The setting and the factors tested could easily be tested again by another researcher (Samson, page 8). The questionnaire used by Milgram can also be used to support the experiment’s validity. Considering the participants truly thought that they were tricked, the results of the experiment would not have been tampered with (McLeod). Since Milgram’s experiment is only able to pass one sector of the three sectors of validity, the results of the experiment are not valid. Milgram was unable to test all of the factors of the experiment. He did not allow people to quit the experiment until the fifth time they ask. This act can lead to people believing they have no way out of the experiment. The experiment is biased in that it only has male participants, and Milgram hand selected them (McLeod). Although the experiment can be replicated obtaining internal validity, it is impossible to tell if these are the correct results because Milgram only tested a few factors. This experiment is ultimately unable to be tested because of all the factors that must go into it. No experiment could be produced to accurately test the obedience to authority while maintaining an ethical nature and validity. Milgram’s experiment has faced years of questions of whether it is ethical or valid. The deception and psychological harm in the experiment questions its ethics; the lack of external and environmental validity questions its validity. Although Milgram did maintain internal validity in the experiment, and most of the participants were glad they participated, the experiment in the end was neither ethical nor valid.